Questions about Java

Everything you always wanted to ask about Java:
How does each answer compare with C++?

1. What is a type?
2. What is an object?
3. What is the difference between implementing and extending?
4. How is memory management done?
5. What is the difference between an applet and an application?
6. What is a reference?
7. What is the difference between a reference and a pointer?
8. What is the difference between a primitive and an object?
9. Why are they treated differently?
10. How are parameters passed? Are there different modes?
11. What is a static variable?
12. What is a static method?
13. What is the form of a program?
14. How does inheritance compare with inheritance in C++?
15. Can you overload methods?
16. Can you overwrite methods?
17. What is the difference between inheriting and importing?